Germany

Germans share a common language and culture across what were historically many states, unified only in 1871. Decades of immigration — Turkish guest workers, EU citizens, and more recently refugees — have made Germany one of Europe's most diverse societies.

The population is split between Protestant and Roman Catholic traditions, with a large and growing share of non-religious people and a significant Muslim minority.

Society

Germany combines high living standards, strong social insurance, and excellent infrastructure, but one of the world's lowest birth rates leaves it dependent on immigration to sustain its aging workforce.