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Civics · American Government

The Bill of Rights

The first ten amendments to the Constitution guarantee fundamental rights and freedoms. Explore how the courts have interpreted and applied them.

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The Bill of Rights

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Freedom of Speech

The First Amendment to the Constitution states that: "Congress shall make no law ...

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Freedom of the Press

The First Amendment states: "Congress shall make no law ...

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Freedom of Religion

The Bill of Rights insures the freedom of individuals to practice their religion.

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Separation of Church and State

The First Amendment to the Constitution states: "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise …

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School Prayer

The Supreme Court has ruled that school-sponsored prayer violates the Constitutional separation of religion and government.

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Aid to Parochial Schools

The issue of whether the government may extend aid to parochial schools, and how much aid should be permitted, has been debated for decades.

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Teaching Creationism

The Supreme Court has ruled that states may not mandate the teaching of creationalism.

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Right to a Lawyer

The Sixth Amendment states: "In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right ...

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Cruel and Unusual Punishment

The Eighth Amendment protects people from "excessive fines" and "cruel and unusual punishment." This provision has been narrowly interpreted, and it h…

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Libel

The one recourse individuals have against the press is to sue newspapers, magazines, or other press organizations for libel.

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Pornography

The courts and society have walked a very fine line in deciding whether pornography is legal.

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Privacy and Abortion

The word "privacy" does not exist in the Constitution, but that right has been implied by the Court.

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Equal Rights

The Constitution explicitly protected slavery.

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Voting Rights

The Fifteenth Amendment guarantees that the right to vote cannot be "denied or abridged on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.…

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