Zambia

Zambia is a landlocked southern African economy whose fortunes are tied overwhelmingly to copper, of which it is one of the world's leading producers, making it highly exposed to global metal prices.

Heavy borrowing led to a debt default in 2020 — the first African pandemic-era default — and the country has been restructuring its debt, much of it owed to China, while courting investment in copper for the green-energy transition.

Key Sectors

The economy is dominated by copper mining (the overwhelming export), with cobalt, agriculture, and tourism (including Victoria Falls) as secondary sectors.