Turkmenistan

Turkmen, a Turkic people with a tribal and nomadic heritage, form the large majority, with Uzbek and Russian minorities. Turkmen is the official language.

Most Turkmen are Sunni Muslim, practiced within the bounds set by a highly controlling state.

Society

Turkmenistan has high literacy from the Soviet era but is one of the world's most repressive and closed societies, with tightly restricted information and movement.