Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan is an upper-middle-income but tightly closed economy whose wealth rests on some of the world's largest natural-gas reserves, exported overwhelmingly to China.

One of the world's most isolated and authoritarian states, it has a heavily state-controlled economy and little transparency, with gas revenues funding grandiose state projects.

Key Sectors

The economy is dominated by natural gas and, to a lesser extent, oil and cotton, with most other activity controlled by the state.