Sudan

Sudan's economy, long dependent on agriculture and oil, has been devastated by the civil war that erupted in 2023 between rival military factions, plunging the country into one of the world's worst humanitarian catastrophes.

It had already been reeling from the 2011 secession of oil-rich South Sudan and years of sanctions and isolation; the new war has shattered infrastructure and displaced millions.

Key Sectors

The economy rests on agriculture (Sudan is a major sesame and gum-arabic producer — the latter a critical global supply), livestock, gold mining, and some oil, all severely disrupted by war.