Kazakhstan

People

Kazaks make up 45% of the population of Kazakhstan. Russians make up 36% of the population, Ukrainians 5%, Germans 4%, Tatars and Uzbeks 2% each. Kazak and Russian are the official languages of the country.

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1990 2000 2010 2020
Population, total (millions) 16.35 14.88 16.32 18.76
Population growth (annual %) 0.6 -0.3 1.4 1.3
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands) 2,724.90 2,724.90 2,724.90 2,724.90
Population density (people per sq. km of land area) 6.1 5.5 6 6.9
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) .. .. .. 5.3
Income share held by lowest 20% .. 6.7 9.5 9.8
Life expectancy at birth, total (years) 68 65 68 71
Fertility rate, total (births per woman) 2.7 1.8 2.6 3.1
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) 51 34 30 29
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49) .. 66 51 53
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 99 98 99 100
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 52 43 20 10
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5) .. 3.8 3.7 ..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) 89 99 99 93
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) .. 93 107 102
School enrollment, primary (% gross) 115.7 97 108.8 100.3
School enrollment, secondary (% gross) 101 94 98 104
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI) 1 1 1 1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands) 34.2 31.6 30.8 34.5
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area) .. .. .. 11.7
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources) .. 34.6 33.2 34.9
Urban population growth (annual %) 0.4 -0.2 1.5 1.5
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) 4,493 2,397 4,235 ..
CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita) 14.51 8.07 14.07 11.46
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 5,905 3,170 4,728 ..