ChiNa

People

Han Chinese make up over 91% of the population of China. The balance of the population are members of various other ethnic Chinese groups. China is officially atheist.

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1990 2000 2010 2018
Population, total (millions) 1,135.19 1,262.65 1,337.71 1,392.73
Population growth (annual %) 1.5 0.8 0.5 0.5
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands) 9,563.00 9,562.90 9,562.90 9,562.90
Population density (people per sq. km of land area) 120.9 134.5 142.5 148.3
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) .. .. 8.5 1.7
Income share held by lowest 20% 8.3 6.5 5.1 6.5
Life expectancy at birth, total (years) 69 71 74 77
Fertility rate, total (births per woman) 2.3 1.6 1.6 1.7
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) 20 10 7 8
Contraceptive prevalence, any methods (% of women ages 15-49) 85 84 89 85
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 94 97 100 100
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 54 37 16 9
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5) 12.6 7.4 3.4 ..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) 98 84 99 99
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) 102 91 98 ..
School enrollment, primary (% gross) 127.5 112.3 99 100.2
School enrollment, secondary (% gross) 37 60 88 ..
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI) 1 1 1 1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) .. .. .. ..
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands) 1,571.40 1,770.00 2,006.10 2,098.60
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area) .. .. .. 14.6
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources) 17.8 19.5 21.3 ..
Urban population growth (annual %) 4.3 3.6 3.3 2.5
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) 767 899 1,955 ..
CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita) 2.15 2.7 6.56 7.18
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 511 993 2,944 ..
1990 2000 2010 2018
Population, total (millions) 13.27 15.34 17.06 18.73
Population growth (annual %) 1.6 1.2 1 1.4
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands) 756.1 756.1 756.1 756.7
Population density (people per sq. km of land area) 17.9 20.6 22.9 25.2
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) .. 36 22.2 8.6
Poverty headcount ratio at $1.90 a day (2011 PPP) (% of population) 8.1 4.4 0.6 0.3
Income share held by lowest 20% 3.4 3.8 5.3 5.8
Life expectancy at birth, total (years) 74 76 79 80
Fertility rate, total (births per woman) 2.6 2.1 1.9 1.6
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) 66 60 54 40
Contraceptive prevalence, any methods (% of women ages 15-49) 56 61 .. 76
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) 99 99 100 100
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 19 11 9 7
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5) .. 0.7 0.5 ..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) 97 97 93 93
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) .. .. 96 95
School enrollment, primary (% gross) 102.6 103 103.8 101.4
School enrollment, secondary (% gross) 74 86 90 102
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI) 1 1 1 1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands) 152.6 158.3 162.3 180.4
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area) .. .. .. 27
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources) 2.3 .. 4 ..
Urban population growth (annual %) 1.8 1.5 1.1 1.5
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) 1,055 1,640 1,808 2,006
CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita) 2.51 3.83 4.23 4.71
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,238 2,499 3,307 ..
Net migration (thousands) 4 42 164 559