Belarus

The population is predominantly ethnic Belarusian, with significant Russian, Polish, and Ukrainian minorities. Both Belarusian and Russian are official languages, though Russian dominates public life.

The main religion is Eastern Orthodox Christianity, with a Roman Catholic minority concentrated in the west.

Society

Belarus has high literacy and universal education inherited from the Soviet system, but its population has been shrinking, and political repression has driven waves of emigration since 2020.