United Kingdom

The UK comprises four nations — England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland — and is highly diverse, with large communities tracing roots to South Asia, the Caribbean, Africa, and the EU. English is the main language, alongside Welsh, Scots Gaelic, and others.

Historically Christian, split between the Anglican and other Protestant churches and Roman Catholicism, the UK is now substantially secular, with significant Muslim, Hindu, Sikh, and Jewish minorities.

Society

The UK has high living standards and a celebrated National Health Service, with population growth driven by immigration, though regional inequality and an aging population are persistent issues.