Syria

Syria is predominantly Arab, with Kurdish, Armenian, and other minorities. Arabic is the official language. The war caused one of the largest refugee crises of modern times, scattering Syrians across the region and beyond.

Islam is the majority faith, with a Sunni majority and Alawite, Druze, and other minorities, alongside ancient Christian communities much diminished by the conflict.

Society

Once a middle-income country with decent education, Syria has seen literacy, health, and living standards collapse during the war, with reconstruction a generational challenge.