Spain

Spain is a nation of strong regional identities — Catalans, Basques, Galicians, and others — with their own languages alongside Castilian Spanish, which is spoken throughout. Immigration from Latin America, North Africa, and Eastern Europe has reshaped the population.

Roman Catholicism is the historic faith and cultural bedrock, though Spain has become markedly secular and socially liberal.

Society

Spain has one of the world's highest life expectancies and universal healthcare, but very low birth rates leave it dependent on immigration to sustain its aging population.