>Chad
People
Nationality: Noun and adjective--Chadian(s).
Population (2002 est.): 8.9 million.
Annual growth rate: 3.27%.
Density: 6.6 per sq. km. (17 per sq. mi.).
There are more than 200 ethnic groups in Chad. Those in the north and east are generally Muslim; most southerners are animists and Christians. Through their long religious and commercial relationships with Sudan and Egypt, many of the peoples in Chad's eastern and central regions have become more or less Arabized, speaking Arabic and engaging in many other Arab cultural practices as well. Chad's southern peoples took more readily to European culture during the French colonial period.
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| 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2018 | |
| Population, total (millions) | 5.96 | 8.36 | 11.95 | 15.48 |
| Population growth (annual %) | 3.2 | 3.7 | 3.3 | 3 |
| Surface area (sq. km) (thousands) | 1,284.00 | 1,284.00 | 1,284.00 | 1,284.00 |
| Population density (people per sq. km of land area) | 4.7 | 6.6 | 9.5 | 12.3 |
| Income share held by lowest 20% | .. | 6.3 | 4.9 | .. |
| Life expectancy at birth, total (years) | 47 | 48 | 51 | 54 |
| Fertility rate, total (births per woman) | 7.3 | 7.4 | 6.6 | 5.7 |
| Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) | 218 | 212 | 185 | 158 |
| Contraceptive prevalence, any methods (% of women ages 15-49) | .. | 8 | 5 | 6 |
| Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) | .. | 14 | 17 | 20 |
| Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) | 212 | 185 | 149 | 118 |
| Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5) | .. | 29.2 | 30.3 | 29.4 |
| Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) | 32 | 28 | 46 | 42 |
| Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 17 | 22 | 31 | 41 |
| School enrollment, primary (% gross) | 49.5 | 63.7 | 81.9 | 86.8 |
| School enrollment, secondary (% gross) | 7 | 11 | 23 | 23 |
| School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) | 1 | 1.9 | 1.5 | 1.3 |
| Environment | ||||
| Forest area (sq. km) (thousands) | 67.1 | 63.3 | 55.1 | 47.5 |
| Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area) | .. | .. | .. | 20.4 |
| Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources) | 1.2 | 5.7 | 5.9 | .. |
| Urban population growth (annual %) | 4.2 | 3.8 | 3.6 | 3.9 |
| Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita) | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.07 |
| 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2017 | |
| Population, total (millions) | 27.79 | 30.77 | 34.01 | 36.71 |
| Population growth (annual %) | 1.5 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 1.2 |
| Surface area (sq. km) (thousands) | 9,984.70 | 9,984.70 | 9,984.70 | 9,984.70 |
| Population density (people per sq. km of land area) | 3.1 | 3.4 | 3.7 | 4 |
| Income share held by lowest 20% | 7.7 | 7.1 | 7.2 | .. |
| Life expectancy at birth, total (years) | 77 | 79 | 81 | 82 |
| Fertility rate, total (births per woman) | 1.8 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.6 |
| Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) | 24 | 17 | 12 | 10 |
| Contraceptive prevalence, any methods (% of women ages 15-49) | .. | 74 | .. | .. |
| Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) | 99 | 99 | 99 | 98 |
| Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) | 8 | 6 | 6 | 5 |
| Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5) | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) | 89 | 96 | 90 | 89 |
| Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. | 97 | .. | .. |
| School enrollment, primary (% gross) | 103.7 | 100.3 | 98.6 | 101.4 |
| School enrollment, secondary (% gross) | 99 | 101 | 102 | 113 |
| School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| Environment | ||||
| Forest area (sq. km) (thousands) | 3,482.70 | 3,478.00 | 3,473.00 | 3,470.70 |
| Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area) | .. | .. | .. | 6.5 |
| Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources) | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.4 | .. |
| Urban population growth (annual %) | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.3 |
| Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) | 7,603 | 8,243 | 7,788 | 7,604 |
| CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita) | 15.66 | 17.37 | 15.72 | 15.12 |
| Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) | 16,109 | 16,991 | 15,270 | 15,546 |