Estonia

People

Estonia's population is made up of:Estonian 68.7%, Russian 24.8%, Ukrainian 1.7%, Belarusian 1%, Finn 0.6%, other 1.6%, unspecified 1.6% (2011 est.)

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1990 2000 2010 2020
Population, total (millions) 2.26 2.29 3.17 ..
Population growth (annual %) 1.2 2.4 1.6 ..
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands) 117.6 117.6 117.6 117.6
Population density (people per sq. km of land area) 22.4 22.7 31.4 35.1
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) 69 .. .. ..
Poverty headcount ratio at $1.90 a day (2011 PPP) (% of population) .. .. .. ..
Income share held by lowest 20% .. .. .. ..
Life expectancy at birth, total (years) 50 55 62 66
Fertility rate, total (births per woman) 6.5 5.3 4.6 4
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) 112 89 67 49
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49) .. 8 9 ..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) .. 28 34 ..
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 153 85 55 41
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5) 36.9 34.3 39.4 ..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) 34 76 95 99
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) .. 49 76 60
School enrollment, primary (% gross) 32.2 80.3 83.7 68.4
School enrollment, secondary (% gross) 20 35 52 48
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI) 1 1 1 1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) 0.9 1.5 0.9 0.5
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands) 16.2 11.2 10.9 10.6
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area) .. .. .. 3
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources) .. 17.8 20.8 20.8
Urban population growth (annual %) 4.8 5.7 3.3 ..
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) 389 309 234 ..
CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita) 0 0.28 0.16 0.23
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 54 75 86 ..
Net migration (thousands) -315 227 -246 -199