George Pullman ran his first Pullman cars, which were specially converted sleeping cars with upper and lower berths in 1850's on the Chicago and Alton Railroad. The first Pullman sleeper was the Pioneer of 1865. Pullman's business acumen allowed him to capture the sleeping car business. Pullman service was soon available on almost every railroad in the United States. The Pullman companies provided the cars and the service and the railroad hauled the cars. The railroads received their usually coach rate for carrying the passenger and split with the Pullman company the additional charges for Pullman accommodations.

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