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Linus Pauling 1901- 1994 American Chemist American chemist Linus Pauling made enormous contributions to the fields of biology, inorganic and organic chemistry, theoretical chemistry and mineralogy. Much of his early work involved the nature of chemical bonds. One of his important discoveries was that sickle-cell disease results from a disruption of hemoglobin structures at the molecular level. He was also the first to hypothesize that proteins may be arranged in a helical pattern, thereby paving the way for Watson and Crick to develop the double-helix model of DNA. Pauling was awarded two Nobel Prizes, first the Chemistry Prize and later the Peace Prize for his efforts on behalf of disarmament. Pauling generated controversy for his pronouncements about vitamin therapy, particularly regarding the use of Vitamin C to prevent and treat the common cold.