Peace of Andrusova Ends Thirteen Year War

The Truce of Andrusovo, concluded in early 1667, ended the Thirteen Years' War fought between the Tsardom of Russia and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1654 to 1667. The war had erupted over control of Ukraine and the eastern borderlands, sparked in part by the uprising of the Cossacks under Bohdan Khmelnytsky against Polish rule and their subsequent alliance with Moscow.

Under the terms agreed at the village of Andrusovo, the exhausted combatants partitioned the contested lands. Poland ceded to Russia the city of Smolensk, the territory of Left-Bank Ukraine east of the Dnieper River, and recognition of Russian control over Kiev, originally for a limited term that later became permanent. The Cossack lands were effectively divided between the two powers.

The settlement marked a significant shift in the balance of power in Eastern Europe, registering the rising strength of Russia and the relative decline of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. By securing Kiev and Left-Bank Ukraine, Moscow extended its influence over lands central to its later expansion, while the partition sowed long-lasting consequences for the peoples of Ukraine.