Turkey

Turkey is predominantly ethnic Turkish, with a large Kurdish minority concentrated in the southeast, where a long insurgency has simmered, plus smaller groups. Turkish is the official language.

The population is overwhelmingly Muslim, mostly Sunni with an Alevi minority, within a constitutionally secular republic whose secular character has been contested in recent decades.

Society

Turkey has a large, relatively young population and rising education levels, though it hosts millions of Syrian and other refugees and grapples with economic strain and political polarization.