>Germany
People
Ethnic groups
German 86.3%, Turkish 1.8%, Polish 1%, Syrian 1%, Romanian 1%, other/stateless/unspecified 8.9% (2020 est.)
Languages
German (official); note - Danish, Frisian, Sorbian, and Romani are official minority languages; Low German, Danish, North Frisian, Sater Frisian, Lower Sorbian, Upper Sorbian, and Romani are recognized as regional languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages
Religions
Roman Catholic 27.1%, Protestant 24.9%, Muslim 5.2%, Orthodox 2%, other Christian 1%, other 1%, none 38.8% (2019
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| 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | |
| Population, total (millions) | 79.43 | 82.21 | 81.78 | 83.24 |
| Population growth (annual %) | 0.9 | 0.1 | -0.2 | 0.2 |
| Surface area (sq. km) (thousands) | 357 | 357 | 357.1 | 357.6 |
| Population density (people per sq. km of land area) | 227.5 | 235.6 | 234.6 | 238.3 |
| Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) | .. | .. | 15.8 | 14.8 |
| Poverty headcount ratio at $1.90 a day (2011 PPP) (% of population) | 0 | 0 | 0 | .. |
| Life expectancy at birth, total (years) | 75 | 78 | 80 | 81 |
| Fertility rate, total (births per woman) | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.5 |
| Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) | 16 | 13 | 9 | 8 |
| Contraceptive prevalence, any methods (% of women ages 15-49) | 70 | .. | 80 | 67 |
| Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) | .. | 99 | 98 | 99 |
| Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) | 9 | 5 | 4 | 4 |
| Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5) | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) | 75 | 92 | 97 | 97 |
| Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 100 | 104 | 102 | 101 |
| School enrollment, primary (% gross) | 101.7 | 105.3 | 103 | 103.9 |
| School enrollment, secondary (% gross) | 99 | 100 | 104 | 98 |
| School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Environment | ||||
| Forest area (sq. km) (thousands) | 113 | 113.5 | 114.1 | 114.2 |
| Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area) | .. | .. | .. | 38.8 |
| Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources) | 43 | 34.5 | 26.1 | 22.8 |
| Urban population growth (annual %) | 1.1 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.3 |
| Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) | 4,421 | 4,094 | 3,997 | .. |
| CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita) | 12.03 | 10.1 | 9.45 | 8.56 |
| Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) | 6,640 | 6,635 | 7,264 | .. |