>Albania
People
Albanians are made up of two major subgroups: the Gegs, who generally occupy the area north of the Shkumbin River, and the Tosks, most of whom live south of the river. Ethnic Albanians are estimated to account for 90 percent of the population. The largest ethnic minority within Albania are Greek, who make up about 3% of the total population. The rest of the population is made up by Vlachs, Serbs, Gypsies, and Bulgarians. 38% of Albanians live in cities and towns.
| 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2016 | |
| Income share held by lowest 20% | .. | 8.4 | 8.9 | .. |
| Life expectancy at birth, total (years) | 72 | 74 | 77 | 78 |
| Fertility rate, total (births per woman) | 3 | 2.2 | 1.7 | 1.7 |
| Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 |
| Contraceptive prevalence, any methods (% of women ages 15-49) | .. | 58 | 69 | .. |
| Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) | 93 | 99 | 99 | .. |
| Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) | 40 | 26 | 17 | 14 |
| Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5) | .. | 17 | 6.3 | .. |
| Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) | 88 | 95 | 99 | 96 |
| Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. | 97 | 89 | 106 |
| School enrollment, primary (% gross) | 99.8 | 104.7 | 93.8 | 109.8 |
| School enrollment, secondary (% gross) | 90 | 71 | 89 | 95 |
| School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Environment | ||||
| Forest area (sq. km) (thousands) | 7.9 | 7.7 | 7.8 | 7.7 |
| Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area) | 0.2 | 0.5 | .. | 13.1 |
| Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources) | 4.5 | 6.8 | 4.9 | .. |
| Urban population growth (annual %) | 2.5 | 0.7 | 1.6 | 1.5 |
| Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) | 813 | 580 | 729 | 808 |
| CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita) | 1.68 | 0.98 | 1.58 | 1.98 |
| Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) | 552 | 1,450 | 1,943 | 2,309 |